1.
CAN
CAN is used to :
Æ to show someone’s ability, for
example :
F I can speak three foreign languages.
F He can swim.
F She can dance well.
F We can speak and write in English.
Æ to show a request, for example :
F Can
you open the windows?
F Can
you do me a favour?
F Can
you help me?
Æ to show asking for and giving
permission, for example :
q Asking for permission
F Can
I go home now?
F Can
I use your dictionary?
F Can
I borrow your bicycle?
q Giving permission
F You can go home now.
F You can use my dictionary.
F You can borrow my bicycle.
Æ to show a possibility, for example :
F He can be a good programmer in the future.
F Raul Gonzales can be a good football coach in the future.
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Æ to show an offering to someone, for
example :
F “Can
I help you?”
“No, thank you”
F “Can
I get you some tea?”
“Yes, thank you”
2.
COULD
COULD is a past form of CAN, but COULD
is not always to explain past tense. COULD is used to :
Æ to show someone’s ability to do
something, for example :
F She could speak six foreign languages.
Æ to show asking for and giving
permission, but it is more formal and
more politely than using can, for example :
F Could
I borrow your money?
F Could
I use your dictionary?
F Could
you lend me your bicycle?
Æ to show a possibility that will
happen in the future, for example :
F The price of food could go up again in the future.
Æ to show someone’s ability in the
past, for example :
F When I was a small child, I could swim.
Æ BE ABLE TO can change the position of
CAN or COULD,
for example :
F I can swim = I am able to swim.
F He can swim = He is able to swim.
F She could do it = She is able to do it.
F We could carry it = We are able to carry it.
3.
WILL
WILL is used to :
Æ If we decide to do something
spontaneously, for example :
F I will take you some water.
F I will go to toilet.
Æ to predict what will happen in the
future. In this case we use
I
think …., I am sure….., probably….., perhaps….., for example :
F It will probably rain tomorrow.
F Perhaps
I will go to Bedugul next week.
F I
am sure he will phone us as soon
as possible.
Æ to express a promise to do something
in the future, for example :
F I promise I will meet you next week.
F I promise I will lend you my new movie DVD.
Æ to ask someone to do something, for
example :
F Will
you shut the door, please?
F Will
you open the window, please?
4.
WOULD
WOULD is used to :
Æ to offer something to someone
politely, for example :
F Would
you like some tea?
F Would
you like something to drink?
Æ as a past form of will, mainly in
indirect speech, for example :
F Direct speech : John said, “I will
visit Bali ”.
Indirect speech : John said that he would
visit Bali .
Æ to show something always happen in
the past, for example :
F When I was a small child, I would
swim in the river if the
weather was fine.
5.
MAY
MAY is used to :
Æ asking for and giving permission, for
example :
F May
I open the door?
F You may open the door.
F May
I go now?
F You go now.
Æ to show a possibility, for example :
F It may rain tomorrow.
F She may call us tonight.
F Putu may be in the library.
6.
MIGHT
MIGHT is a past form of MAY. MIGHT is
used to :
Æ to show a possibility as well as the
usage of MAY, for example :
F He might be in the canteen.
F He might be ill.
Æ to show something might be done in
the future, for example :
F She might get married next year.
7.
SHALL
SHALL is used to :
Æ to offer something to someone, for
example :
F “Shall
I take you some water?”
“No, thank
you.”
Æ to ask for advice/suggestion, for
example :
F I have a very bad headache. What shall I do?
F Where shall I find an Oxford Pocket Dictionary?
F What shall we do now?
8.
SHOULD
SHOULD is used to :
Æ to express an advice/a suggestion,
for example :
F You should watch the film.
F You look tired. You should take a rest.
F You should do your homework.
F You should take a private English course.
Æ to ask for and give an opinion about
something, for example :
F A :
I am bad at English. What should I
do?
B :
I think you should take an English
course.
Æ to critisize a situation/ a
condition, for example :
F The children shouldn’t be playing. They should
be at
school.
Æ the pattern …SHOULD HAVE + VERB 3 is
used to critisize
something in the past but it was not
done, for example :
F Mrs Rose punished John yesterday
because he didn’t submit
his homework. John should have submitted his homework.
F The party last night was great. You should have come.
9.
MUST
MUST is used to :
Æ to express someone’s obligatory based
on his/her feeling,
for example :
F I am very tired. I must take a rest now.
Æ in present and future tense, for
example :
F I must go now.
F Must
we leave next week?
Æ to show a conclusion of the truth,
for example :
F You must be very tired after the all day traveling.
Æ the pattern of ….. MUST HAVE + VERB 3
is used to express
something happened in the past, for
example :
F I went to to Nadia’s house last night
and rang the doorbell.
There was no answer. Nadia must have gone out.
10.
OUGHT TO
OUGHT TO is used to :
Æ to give an advice / a suggestion to
someone (including ourselves),
for example :
F You ought to come on time.
F You ought to study hard to pass the examination.
Æ to tell someone’s duty to do, for
example :
F You ought not to forget to do your homework.
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